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: Conflict of Laws

ECJ Rules on Human Rights and Abolition of Exequatur

By Gilles Cuniberti

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On December 22nd, the European Court of Justice delivered its judgment in Joseba Andoni Aguirre Zarraga v. Simone Pelz. For the timebeing, it is only available in Spanish, German and French.

The case was concerned with a Spanish judgment which had ruled on the divorce of a German-Spanish couple, and had ordered the return of a child to Spain. According to Article 42 of the Brussels IIa Regulation, this part of the judgment was immediately enforceable in Germany, as exequatur has been abolished for such judgments. Yet, the German party tried to resist enforcement in Germany on the ground that the Spanish judgment had been rendered in violation of human rights, as it appeared that the child had not been heard in the Spanish proceedings, and this was arguably contrary to Article 24 of the European Charter on Human Rights.

The Court of appeal of Celle, Germany, thus referred the matter to the ECJ, and asked whether, despite the abolition of exequatur, enforcing courts still had the power to review judgments rendered by courts from other member states on the ground that they would have been made in gross violation of the European Charter on Human Rights.

The ECJ answered that there was no such power. It put forward two reasons in support of its decision. First, in matters regarding child custody, time is of the essence and judgments should be immediately enforced. Second, the principle of mutual trust demands that foreign judgements be not reviewable on other grounds than those kept by the Regulation.

The German party should thus have challenged the Spanish judgment in Spain, and not in Germany.

The holding of the decision reads:

Unter Umständen wie denen des Ausgangsverfahrens kann sich das zuständige Gericht des Vollstreckungsmitgliedstaats der Vollstreckung einer mit einer Bescheinigung versehenen Entscheidung, mit der die Rückgabe eines widerrechtlich zurückgehaltenen Kindes angeordnet wird, nicht mit der Begründung entgegenstellen, dass das Gericht des Ursprungsmitgliedstaats, das diese Entscheidung erlassen hat, gegen Art. 42 der Verordnung (EG) Nr. 2201/2003 des Rates vom 27. November 2003 über die Zuständigkeit und die Anerkennung und Vollstreckung von Entscheidungen in Ehesachen und in Verfahren betreffend die elterliche Verantwortung und zur Aufhebung der Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1347/2000 nach dessen mit Art. 24 der Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union konformer Auslegung verstoßen habe, da für die Beurteilung der Frage, ob ein solcher Verstoß vorliegt, ausschließlich die Gerichte des Ursprungsmitgliedstaats zuständig sind.

En circunstancias como las del asunto principal, el órgano jurisdiccional competente del Estado miembro de ejecución no puede oponerse a la ejecución de una resolución certificada que ordena la restitución de un menor ilícitamente retenido por considerar que el órgano jurisdiccional del Estado miembro de origen del que emana esta resolución ha vulnerado el artículo 42 del Reglamento (CE) nº 2201/2003 del Consejo, de 27 de noviembre de 2003, relativo a la competencia, el reconocimiento y la ejecución de resoluciones judiciales en materia matrimonial y de responsabilidad parental, por el que se deroga el Reglamento (CE) nº 1347/2000, interpretado conforme al artículo 24 de la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea, por cuanto la apreciación de la existencia de tal vulneración compete exclusivamente a los órganos jurisdiccionales del Estado miembro de origen.

Dans des circonstances telles que celles de l?affaire au principal, la juridiction compétente de l?État membre d?exécution ne peut pas s?opposer à l?exécution d?une décision certifiée ordonnant le retour d?un enfant illicitement retenu au motif que la juridiction de l?État membre d?origine qui a rendu cette décision aurait violé l?article 42 du règlement (CE) n° 2201/2003 du Conseil, du 27 novembre 2003, relatif à la compétence, la reconnaissance et l?exécution des décisions en matière matrimoniale et en matière de responsabilité parentale abrogeant le règlement (CE) n° 1347/2000, interprété conformément à l?article 24 de la charte des droits fondamentaux de l?Union européenne, l?appréciation de l?existence d?une telle violation relevant exclusivement de la compétence des juridictions de l?État membre d?origine.

Many thanks to Patrick Kinsch for the tip-off.

Related posts:

  1. Brussels I Review – The Abolition of Exequatur? This is the first of a series of posts soliciting...
  2. Rueda and Cuniberti on Abolition of Exequatur Isabelle Rueda and I (University of Luxembourg) have posted Abolition...
  3. Conference on Human Rights and Tort Law The Institute for European Tort Law (Vienna) organises a Conference...

Full post as published by Conflict of Laws on January 06, 2011 (boomark / email).

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