Academic

From Reform and Opening Up to Dual Circulation Strategy--China Responds to Western Economic De-Coupling Strategies With a De-Coupling Strategy of its Own

I have been writing on the collective efforts lead by the vanguard elements of the liberal democratic camp on Chinese policy in the autonomous regions and Special Administrative Regions. Those efforts have sought to align the discourses and expectations (in the societal and private law fields) of human rights and sustainability, with national coordinated policy on global production chain decoupling from Xinjiang.  Businesses in the liberal democratic camp are meant to leery of complicity with Chinese national policy that is condemned by many of their home states (see discussion in Xinjiang in the Crosshairs of the West: H&M and the Norwegian Pension Fund Global Add to the Pressure on Chinese Officials to Meet the Allegations of Human Rights Abuses).  

Western powers called on China on Friday to restore basic legal rights in Hong Kong and open up to scrutiny its remote Xinjiang region where more than one million ethnic Uighurs are held. The rare rebuke of China came at the U.N. Human Rights Council where the European Union, Britain, Australia and Canada were among those voicing mounting concerns about both areas. ?No state should be above the law, China?s turn has come,? John Fisher of Human Rights Watch told the forum, speaking on behalf of more than 300 activist groups. (China rebuked by West at U.N. rights forum on Hong Kong, Xinjiang)

 I have suggested that the strategy of the Western camp aligns the still powerful discursive projects of human rights (with both liberals and traditionalists emphasizing religious and political rights, though in different ways)  with the political project of economic decoupling (to move forward the project of post-global new era empire either in its guise as a universalized Western liberal democratic multilateral construct of the sort being built especially between 1990 and 2016, or in its post global "America First" variant). The combination has also been a driver in the re-consrructon of global finance at east tentatively and to a limited extent (e.g., Danish pension fund blacklists China, dumping ?54m equities, bonds).

I have also suggested the ways that this vision aligns quite closely with that of the Marxist Leninist camp and its Chinese leadership core. Discussed in Remarks by Mr Trump and Mr Xi to the 75th Session of the United Nations General Assembly-- Transcript and Brief Reactions. Like the liberal democratic camp,  the Chinese side also seeks to align a Marxist moral-rights discourse built around the Socialist Core Values with the construction of a multilateral post globalization-imperial system centering on China and extending through the spokes of the Belt and Road Initiative. That requires a certain amount of de-coupling frm the Chinese side.  In a sense, then, there is an almost perfect alignment creating strong de-coupling incentives from both the liberal democratic US and the Marxist Leninist Chinese side.  Left in the middle. of course, are everyone else who are left scrambling for position in the emerging new world order(s).

The COVOD-19 pandemic appears to have served as the final push for the explicit development of an "all around" policy formulation of its own version of global de-coupling. It appears to be based on the objectives of preserving Chinese core ideology and autonomy at home while consolidating its management of global production and consumption chains  through the hub and spoke framework of BRI (??????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????????????). That consolidation now has a name--the Dual Circulation Strategy. 

Stephen Olson, a research fellow at the Hinrich Foundation, observes that ?a new era in trade? is coming. ?The trade landscape China will have to navigate henceforth will be considerably less benign than the one it traversed for the past two decades.? The DCS is also a signal that the Chinese leadership is prepared for the ?new reality?. (What is China?s Dual Circulation Strategy and Why Should Foreign Investors Take Note?)

The Dual Circulation strategy pus the West in the cross hairs of China in the way that Xinjiang has put China in the crosshairs of the West. 

This new worldview sees the continued decoupling of global supply chains as an enduring trend, and so Beijing now seeks to attempt a new ?big thing??balancing emphases on both internationalization and self-sufficiency (????) that marks China?s own version of ?hedged integration.? This model entails engaging international capital, financial, and technological markets when advantages can be gained while simultaneously bolstering indigenous capabilities to avoid overreliance on the global economy?due to national security concerns or the vagaries of global economic cycles. (Dual Circulation and China?s New Hedged Integration Strategy)

 Again, the core objective is to bring the sensibilities of the Belt and Road Initiative--its construction of a world order with China at the center through which all trade , social, and cultural development might be coordinated. It requires a two prong strategy  The first is focused on the primary place of the center--the new core of leadership--for global economic integration. 

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [The new nationwide system takes national development and national security as its fundamental goals. Through scientific overall planning, concentration of strength, optimization of mechanisms, and coordinated research, the centrally coordinated allocation of resources and the effective use of resource benefits during the organization and implementation of major national science and technology projects.] (????????????????? )

Aligned with this core focus is the continued and strategically coordinated focus on global economic relations. "Close contact with the open world. Economic globalization has increasingly made the world an organic whole, which means that the development of science and technology and high-tech industries must be innovated in an open system, taking into account the allocation of global factors. " [?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????](????????????????? ).

The strategy, then, permits the creation of a space within which the projections of liberal democratic pressure--either with respect to the rules of trade or with respect to the use of trade to further normative positions with respect to human rights, religious rights and the like--can be resisted without too much risk.  Just as the United States and its liberal democratic camp are seeking ways in which they can diversify production while continuing to exploit the internal Chinese market, so the Chinese are seeking ways in which they can diversify,  their economic model protecting the heartland even as they build strong trade and production routes throughout the world. The construction of both will make it much harder for either to assert significant pressure outside their imperial jurisdiction.  Within the new empires, however, influence and authority will be augmented. 

Some key documents in Chinese and with a crude translation follow below.

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2020?03?20?07:58 ???????

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Improve the new national system for key core technology research

Central Party School (National School of Administration) Xi Jinping Research Center for Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era

2020-03-20 07:58 Source: Guangming Daily
Original title: A new nationwide system for improving key core technologies

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to "build a new nationwide system for key core technologies under the conditions of a socialist market economy." On March 2nd, General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the need to improve the new nationwide system for key core technologies when inspecting scientific research on the prevention and control of new coronary pneumonia in Beijing. Improving the new nationwide system for key core technology research is of great significance for promoting the high-quality development of my country's economy, ensuring national security, and constantly opening up a new realm of "Chinese governance".

1

At present, we have ushered in a historic intersection of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation in the world and my country's transformation of development mode. The domestic and foreign environments are complex and intertwined, requiring strategic and overall planning for technological innovation.

From a domestic perspective, my country's economy has shifted from a stage of rapid growth to a stage of high-quality development, but at the same time, the problem of uneven and uncoordinated development is still prominent, and it is necessary to accelerate the transformation of the development momentum to being driven by innovation. To implement the innovation-driven development strategy, it is necessary to enhance the ability of independent innovation and remove the obstacles of the system and mechanism. At the same time, my country?s development is still facing many major risks and challenges related to national security and development, and the overall stability of the society, such as major infectious diseases and biosecurity risks. Science and technology are the most powerful weapons for human beings to compete with diseases. Mankind cannot overcome catastrophes and epidemics without scientific development and technological innovation. In accordance with the requirements of General Secretary Xi Jinping, scientific research on epidemic prevention and control should be regarded as a major and urgent task of the science and technology front, integrated multidisciplinary forces, unified leadership, coordinated advancement, and accelerated on the basis of upholding scientificity and ensuring safety. Research and development progress, as soon as possible to overcome the key and difficult problems of epidemic prevention and control, and provide strong scientific and technological support for winning the People's War, the overall war, and the obstruction war.

From an international perspective, the increasingly fierce international competition is prominently manifested in the competition of scientific and technological strength and innovation capabilities. As far as the law of scientific and technological development is concerned, modern scientific and technological innovation generally involves different disciplines and fields, and it is difficult to complete it by a certain department, a certain region, or a certain enterprise alone. It is necessary to gather high-quality resources in different fields for research. The government is organizing and guiding the development of science and technology. The role of direction is increasingly important. After long-term development, the overall level of my country's science and technology has been significantly improved, and a series of major scientific and technological innovations have been produced. However, as a whole, there is still a certain gap between my country's current technological innovation ability, especially original ability, and Western developed countries, and the situation that key core technologies are controlled by others has not been fundamentally changed. If the key core technology is not available, it cannot be bought, it cannot be bought, and it cannot be done by the spontaneous force of the market. The predicament of my country's core technology and the strategic intention of some countries to intercept and suppress my country's high-tech enterprises are still relatively obvious. The epidemic also exposed my country's shortcomings in high-end medical equipment. Basic research in the field of life sciences and breakthroughs in key core technologies for medical and health urgently need to be strengthened. Under this situation, only by leveraging the advantages of the new nationwide system, continuously enhancing my country?s own technological innovation capabilities, mastering more core technologies with independent intellectual property rights, and producing more hard-core products, can it contribute to safeguarding people?s lives and health. Make greater contributions to safeguarding national strategic security.

2

The new nationwide system takes national development and national security as its fundamental goals. Through scientific overall planning, concentration of strength, optimization of mechanisms, and coordinated research, the centrally coordinated allocation of resources and the effective use of resource benefits during the organization and implementation of major national science and technology projects.

Fully integrate with market mechanisms. Let the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources, and at the same time give better play to the role of the government, and drive the two to give play to their respective advantages and form a joint force of collaborative innovation, so as to maximize the efficiency and efficiency of resource allocation. This is the new national system Distinctive features and core essentials. Under this new system, the government must realize a role change, focus on major national strategic needs, do a good job of top-level design, and strengthen the overall coordination of various forces. The role of the market is even more important. Enterprises have become the main body of technological innovation, and market mechanisms have become the dominant driving force for social resource allocation and economic activities.

Close contact with the open world. Economic globalization has increasingly made the world an organic whole, which means that the development of science and technology and high-tech industries must be innovated in an open system, taking into account the allocation of global factors. In the prevention and control of the epidemic, China has strengthened scientific research cooperation with relevant countries, especially countries with high epidemic incidence, in traceability, drugs, vaccines, testing, etc., sharing scientific research data and information, and jointly researching and proposing response strategies, which fully reflects the openness to strengthening international cooperation attitude. The new nationwide system is not a closed-door system, but to achieve the dialectical unity of independent innovation, collaborative innovation, and open innovation, actively integrate and make good use of global innovation resources, and selectively and focusedly participate in and lead international major scientific programs and major scientific projects. Promote the establishment of a broad innovation community and actively cultivate independent research and development capabilities for core technologies in open innovation.

Overall consideration of economy and applicability. The new nationwide system focuses on following objective laws, more closely integrating the major needs of economic and social development, promoting the deep integration of technological innovation and economic and social development, and meeting the needs of the people has become an important direction for technological innovation. This system focuses on achieving goals and economic benefits, focusing on both the technical prospects of the project and its practical application value, while taking into account the distribution and realization of interests of all parties, and can maintain a dynamic balance between technology, R&D, market, and industry.

3

In the face of the current acceleration of new technological revolution and industrial transformation, in the face of major epidemics and major public health emergencies, it is necessary to grasp the initiative in key core technology areas, and better focus on the development of cutting-edge technology fields and strategic emerging industries. Accelerate the improvement of a new nationwide system for key core technologies in many aspects

Change the paradigm of technological innovation governance. Build a coordinated innovative governance mechanism, and strengthen the overall coordination and effective connection of policies in science, technology, economy, and society. Accelerate the transformation of government functions, optimize institutional settings, focus on strategy, planning, policies, and services, promote the accumulation of various innovative resources, and play a leading role in coordination and coordination of all parties. Give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, focus on the development of modern industries, promote enterprises to become the main body of technological innovation decision-making, R&D investment, scientific research organization and achievement transformation, encourage enterprises to become bigger and stronger, and form a group of innovative leading enterprises. Accelerate the integration of universities, scientific research institutes and other forces to coordinate research, guide and encourage social capital to participate more in major technological research. Strengthen the party's centralized and unified leadership over scientific and technological work, coordinate all aspects of scientific research, improve the ability and level of systematic confrontation, and build a collaborative innovation model of in-depth integration, benign interaction, and complete and efficient.

Implement a number of major national science and technology projects and major projects. The implementation of major scientific and technological projects and major projects is not only forging "heavy tools", but also for making up for "shortcomings." It is necessary to select the strategic areas and priority directions that are related to the overall and long-term development, clarify the main directions and breakthroughs, step up the implementation of major national science and technology projects, overcome key core technologies, accelerate the formation of a number of strategic technologies and strategic products, and cultivate emerging industries. On this basis, prepare for the continued implementation of major scientific and technological projects after 2020, and deploy a batch of major scientific and technological projects and projects that reflect the national strategic intentions in the fields of information networks, health care, etc., in order to seize the strategic commanding heights leading the future development , Provide support to improve my country's comprehensive competitiveness.

Establish an efficient scientific research and innovation organization system. Follow the objective laws of technological innovation and market development, and more reflect the requirements of modern scientific management. In the fight against the epidemic prevention and control, relevant departments formed a scientific research team to determine five main directions of clinical treatment and drugs, vaccine research and development, detection technology and products, viral etiology and epidemiology, and animal model construction, and organized interdisciplinary, The cross-disciplinary scientific research team, such as the Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Testing Technology and Instrumentation of Tsinghua University, has 12 majors including engineering sciences for cross cooperation. For another example, my country?s manned spaceflight project has innovatively adopted the flexible project system of the ?two generals? system of project commander and chief designer. This kind of modern project management organization method has established two command lines of administration and technology. In practice, the scientific research and production team is built, the division of labor is clearer, the system is more reasonable, and the effective organization of large scientific projects is realized. At present, national laboratories have become an important carrier for major developed countries to seize the commanding heights of technological innovation. We must aim at the frontiers of international science and technology, concentrate superior scientific and technological resources, deploy a number of larger, interdisciplinary, and comprehensively integrated national laboratories in some major innovation fields, cultivate a number of high-level scientific research and innovation teams, and gradually integrate national experiments The office has become an important strategic innovation force of the country, building a more efficient scientific research innovation system.

Provide a more powerful system guarantee. The new nationwide system is essentially institutional innovation, and scientific and technological innovation must rely on a good system and mechanism environment and form a new institutional framework on this basis. It is necessary to accelerate the pace of reform, improve the incentive mechanism, improve the policy environment, and implement the reform measures and specific opinions proposed in the "Implementation Plan for Deepening the Reform of the Science and Technology System", "The Action Plan for Promoting the Transfer and Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements", and "The Plan for Deepening the Reform of the Science and Technology Award System" , Solve various institutional and mechanism issues that affect innovation-driven. In accordance with the deployment of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, we are improving the system and mechanism of encouraging and supporting basic research and original innovation, establishing a technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body, market-oriented, and in-depth integration of production, teaching and research, and innovation to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements , Improve the discovery, training, and incentive mechanisms for scientific and technological talents, accelerate the modernization of the scientific and technological innovation governance system and governance capabilities, and provide a more powerful institutional guarantee for building an innovative country and a world scientific and technological power.

Author: Central Party School (National School of Administration) Xi Jinping, a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center write: Chen Shu

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2020?05?15?07:18 ???????????

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The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting
Analyze the situation of the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic at home and abroad, research and deploy the normalization of epidemic prevention and control measures to take effect, and research to improve the stability and competitiveness of the industrial chain supply chain

May 15, 2020 07:18 Source: People's Daily Online-People's Daily

The current national epidemic prevention and control situation is generally good. At the same time, the overseas epidemic situation is severe and complicated, and the domestic task of preventing a rebound of the epidemic remains arduous. We must resolutely overcome paralysis, war-weariness, fluke, and relaxation, and continue to pay close attention to external defense input and internal defense rebound. We must not let the hard-won epidemic prevention and control results go away, and ensure that we complete the decisive goal of decisive victory over poverty. Mission to build a well-off society in an all-round way

It is necessary to strengthen internal anti-rebound work in key areas and key places. Heilongjiang, Jilin and other areas where clusters of epidemics have recently occurred must be targeted to strengthen prevention and control measures. Hubei Province and Wuhan City should continue to strengthen and improve community prevention and control, and do a good job in nucleic acid testing and investigation. The Wuhan Liaison Group of the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council should strengthen guidance and supervision. Beijing must strengthen the prevention and control of the epidemic during the national "two sessions". Schools should be guided to refine their prevention and control plans for re-entry to ensure the safety and health of teachers and students. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control measures of infection in medical institutions, improve the management of escorts and visits, restore the normal order of diagnosis and treatment in an orderly manner, and effectively prevent nosocomial infections

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 14. The Standing Committee of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting on May 14 to analyze the domestic and international situation of the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, study and deploy the normalized epidemic prevention and control measures, and study and improve the supply chain of the industrial chain Stability and competitiveness. CPC Central Committee General Secretary Xi Jinping presided over the meeting and delivered an important speech.

Xi Jinping pointed out that the current national epidemic prevention and control situation is generally good. At the same time, the overseas epidemic situation is severe and complicated, and the domestic task of preventing a rebound of the epidemic remains arduous. We must resolutely overcome paralysis, war-weariness, fluke, and relaxation, and continue to pay close attention to external defense input and internal defense rebound. We must not let the hard-won epidemic prevention and control results go away, and ensure that we complete the decisive goal of decisive victory over poverty. The task is to build a well-off society in an all-round way.

Xi Jinping emphasized the need to strengthen internal anti-rebound work in key areas and key places. Heilongjiang, Jilin and other areas where clusters of epidemics have recently occurred must be targeted to strengthen prevention and control measures. Hubei Province and Wuhan City should continue to strengthen and improve community prevention and control, and do a good job in nucleic acid testing and investigation. The Wuhan Liaison Group of the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council should strengthen guidance and supervision. Beijing must strengthen the prevention and control of the epidemic during the national "two sessions". Schools should be guided to refine their prevention and control plans for re-entry to ensure the safety and health of teachers and students. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control measures of infection in medical institutions, improve the management of escorts and visits, restore the normal order of diagnosis and treatment in an orderly manner, and effectively prevent nosocomial infections.

The meeting requested that the normalized epidemic prevention and control measures should be effective. All localities should earnestly learn from the lessons of recent clusters of epidemics and draw inferences about them, re-examine local prevention and control loopholes, re-enforce prevention and control key points, and implement prevention and control requirements to ensure that the epidemic does not rebound. We must seriously deal with the ineffective implementation of the Party Central Committee?s decision and deployment. It is necessary to improve the prevention and control requirements according to the characteristics of summer weather, and educate and guide the masses in scientific protection.

The meeting emphasized that it is necessary to take more flexible and effective measures in response to new situations and trends in overseas epidemics, and strengthen key areas and weak links of foreign defense imports. We must continue to do a good job of caring for Chinese citizens abroad, and strengthen the capacity building of health quarantine, isolation, observation and treatment in border areas and port cities. We must continue to deepen international cooperation in epidemic prevention and control.

The meeting pointed out that it is necessary to deepen the supply-side structural reforms, give full play to my country's super-large-scale market advantages and domestic demand potential, and build a new development pattern in which the domestic and international double cycles promote each other. It is necessary to implement industrial infrastructure reengineering and industrial chain upgrading projects, consolidate the advantages of traditional industries, strengthen the leading position of advantageous industries, pay close attention to the layout of strategic emerging industries and future industries, and upgrade the level of advanced industrial foundation and industrial chain modernization. It is necessary to give play to the advantages of the new nationwide system, strengthen technological innovation and technological breakthroughs, and strengthen key links, key areas, and key product guarantee capabilities.

The meeting emphasized that under the premise of normalizing epidemic prevention and control, continue to focus on key industrial chains, leading enterprises, and major investment projects, open up blocking points and connection breaks, strengthen element protection, and promote upstream and downstream, production, supply and marketing, large, medium and small Enterprises coordinated to resume work and reach production. It is necessary to accelerate the restoration of various shopping malls, markets, and life service industries to normal levels, and smooth industrial, market, and economic and social cycles. It is necessary to strengthen international coordination and cooperation to jointly maintain the security and stability of the international industrial chain and supply chain.

The meeting also studied other matters.

"People's Daily" (May 15, 2020 01 Edition)
(Editors in charge: Chang Xuemei, Wang Keyuan)
Related topics
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Full post as published by Law at the End of the Day on September 27, 2020 (boomark / email).